Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, ukufeza izinqubo zokuhlukanisa eziphumelelayo neziphumelelayo kanye nokuhlanza kubaluleke kakhulu.Elinye lamathuluzi abalulekile kulo mkhakha iyunithi yokukhipha kanye nokuhlushwa.Le yunithi ethuthukisiwe ihlanganisa uhla lobuchwepheshe ukukhipha, ukuhlukanisa nokugxilisa izingxenye ezifiselekayo ezixubeni.Lolu phiko ludlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezehlukene, kusukela kwezokuthaka imithi kuya ekucwengisweni kwe-petroleum.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokusebenza weyunithi yokukhipha neyokugxilisa ingqondo ukuncibilikisa ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu efiselekayo engxubeni usebenzisa i-solvent efanelekile.Le nqubo iwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho ihlukanisa izinhlanganisela zenani ezixubeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba ivumela ukukhishwa okuhlosiwe kwezinhlobo ezifunwayo.Ngokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezihlukene, amazinga okushisa, izingcindezi namasu okuhlukanisa, onjiniyela bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhipha ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa iyunithi yokukhipha neyokugxilisa ingqondo yikhono lokukhipha izingxenye ngokukhetha kuyilapho ushiya izinto ezingafuneki ngemuva.Lokhu kukhetha kwenza kube nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanganisela ezibalulekile nokungcola, okuholela emikhiqizweni yokugcina emsulwa kakhulu futhi egxilile.Isibonelo, embonini yezemithi, amayunithi okukhishwa asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izithako ezisebenzayo zemithi (ama-API) ezitshalweni noma eminye imithombo yemvelo.Lokhu kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezinokungcola okuncane.
Enye inzuzo ephawulekayo yamayunithi okukhipha kanye nokugxilisa ingqondo ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali.Ngokugxila ezingxenyeni ezifunwayo, onjiniyela banciphisa umthamo wesixazululo sokukhipha, okunciphisa izidingo zokucubungula ezilandelayo.Lokhu kulungiselelwa kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvent kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza zizonke.Ukwengeza, izixazululo ezigxilile zivame ukuthuthukisa izinqubo ezingezansi ezifana ne-crystallization noma i-distillation, okwandisa ukukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko.
Amayunithi okukhipha kanye nokugxilisa ingqondo asebenzisa amasu okukhipha ahlukene afana ne-liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), i-solid-phase extraction (SPE) kanye ne-supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), kuye ngezici zezithako nomphumela oyifunayo.I-LLE ibandakanya ukuncibilika kwezingxenye ezigabeni ezimbili zoketshezi ezingaxubeki, ngokuvamile i-solvent enamanzi kanye ne-organic solvent.I-SPE isebenzisa omatikuletsheni abaqinile njengekhabhoni ecushiwe noma ijeli ye-silica ukuze ikhangise ngokukhetha izingxenye ezifiselekayo.I-SFE isebenzisa uketshezi olungaphezu kwephoyinti elibalulekile ukuze ikhulise ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha.Inqubo ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo futhi ikhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezithile zenqubo.
Ngaphezu kokukhipha, isici sokugxilisa ingqondo socingo sibaluleke ngokufanayo.Ukugxilisa ingqondo kufinyelelwa ngokukhipha i-solvent esixazululweni sokukhipha, ukushiya isixazululo esigxilile noma insalela eqinile.Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezidingekayo zikhona ekugxilweni okuphezulu kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuqhubeka nokucubungula noma ukuhlaziya.Amasu asetshenziselwa ukugxilisa ingqondo ahlanganisa ukuhwamuka, ukucwiliswa kwe-distillation, ukomisa iqhwa, nokuhlunga kwe-membrane, phakathi kokunye.
Ukuhwamuka kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokugxilisa izixazululo.Lapho ishisa, i-solvent iyahwamuka, ishiye i-solute egxilile.Le nqubo iwusizo ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziqinile ezishisayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-distillation isetshenziswa lapho iphuzu lokubilisa le-solvent liphansi kakhulu kunalelo lengxenye oyifunayo.I-distillation ihlukanisa izincibilikisi kwezinye izingxenye ngokufudumeza nokujiya umhwamuko.Ukumisa iqhwa kusebenzisa imijikelezo yokuqhwaza kanye nokucindezela okuncishisiwe ukuze kukhishwe isincibilikisi, kushiye umkhiqizo owomile, ogxilile.Ekugcineni, ukuhlunga kwe-membrane kusebenzisa i-permselective membranes ukuhlukanisa i-solvent nezingxenye ezigxilile.
Sengiphetha, amayunithi okukhipha kanye nokugxilisa ingqondo adlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.Iyunithi ihlanganisa amasu okukhipha afana ne-LLE, i-SPE ne-SFE ukuze ukhethe ngokukhetha izingxenye ezifiselekayo kungxube.Ukwengeza, isebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zamasu okugxilisa ingqondo, okuhlanganisa ukuhwamuka, i-distillation, ukomisa iqhwa kanye nokuhlunga kwe-membrane, ukwandisa ukugxila kwesithako esifiselekayo.Ngakho-ke, iyunithi inika amandla inqubo yokuhlukanisa ephumelelayo nengabizi kanye nokuhlanza, okuholela emikhiqizweni egxilile yekhwalithi ephezulu.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isekhemisi, ukuhluzwa kukawoyela noma ezinye izimboni zamakhemikhali, amayunithi okukhipha kanye nokugxilisa ingqondo kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuphishekeleni ukusebenza kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-23-2023